What is scoliosis ?
Scoliosis is most of referred to as lateral spinal curvature, but in fact is a curvature in three planes:
Scoliosis - includes a heterogeneous (non-homogeneous) group of conditions involving a change in the shape and alignment of the spine.
General classification of scoliosis:
Functional scoliosis - static or reflex. A curvature of the spine with a known cause, often located outside the spine. Scoliosis resolves when the causative factor is eliminated. Changes in the spine are limited to the frontal plane.
Structural scoliosis - is always a multiplanar deformity (in the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes). Structural scoliosis can be divided into the following scoliosis types:
a) osteochondral,
b) neuromuscular,
c) muscular,
d) idiopatic (of undetermined aetiology), which represent approx. 85% of structural scoliosis
Idiopathic scoliosis is a developmental deformity of the spine and trunk of unknown cause. The nature of the deformity is three-dimensional: in the frontal plane there is lateral curvature of the spine, in the sagittal plane there is disruption of the physiological thoracic kyphosis or lumbar lordosis, and in the transverse plane there is axial rotation of the vertebrae. Deformity develops simultaneously in all three planes - torsion of the spine (Głowacki M., Kotwicki T., Pucher A.: Skrzywienie kręgosłupa [in:] Wiktora Degi Ortopedia i Rehabilitacja, edited by Marciniak W., Szulc A., PZWL, Warsaw 2003: 68-111).
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